'I once wore an angry bird t-shirt and went to read Qur’an': asymmetrical institutional complexity and emerging consumption practices in Pakistan

This article brings together theories of institutional logics and the exploration of the lives of tweens in Pakistan to understand how emerging consumption practices fit within Pakistani children’s daily lives, and how institutional complexity that includes the dominance of religion under Pakistani Islamization is negotiated to separate and maintain the differences between them. We identify resolutions to asymmetrical institutional complexity in the consumption of character T-shirts: spatial–temporal practices, visual practices, symbolic substitution practices and single logic practices. We contribute to an understanding of how consumption happens in an Eastern Muslim culture, and how multiple institutional logics shape the consumption practices of children, by articulating how halal consumption practices, far from being essentialist, or presented as market segmentation, form from negotiations and reflections at the boundaries where Islam and Market logics meet

Comparative study on Trichomonas vaginalis among hostel-based students of College of Education, Hong, Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study on urogenital trichomoniasis among hostel-based students of College of Education Hong, Adamawa State was conducted between the months of August and September 2015. Urogenital trichomoniasis remains a public health problem in tropical countries. This study aims at determining the prevalence of urogenital  trichomoniasis among male and female students of Adamawa State, College of Education, Hong. The samples were collected using simple random sampling technique. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) vaginal discharges samples from females were collected and examined for trophozoites of Trichomonas vaginalis  using wet preparation techniques. Two hundred and one (201) urine samples were collected from males, for identification of motile trophozoites using sedimentation techniques. Microscopic was done by x 10 and x 40 objective lens. The overall prevalence of T. vaginalis was, 49 (14.4%). The distribution of the infection by hostels revealed that Hostel C had the highest infection, 17.1%. The least of infection, 12.5% was recorded in hostel B. Chi-square analysis revealed that, there is association between the hotels and the infection rate (p<0.05). The prevalence of infection in relation to gender showed that, females had the highest rate of infection with 20.9%, and 20 (10.0%) was recorded in males, with no statistical significant difference (p>0.05). The age-group 21-26 years had the highest infection with 20.6% and the least was observed among age bracket 27-40 years with 6.6%, and there was no statistical difference (p>0.05). This study has clearly demonstrated the occurrence of urogenital trichomoniasis in the study-area. Therefore, it is recommended that, professionals should keep on enlightening the students on the infection route of these parasites as well as provision of good toilet facilities in higher institutions by appropriate organizations.Keywords: Comparative study; Trichomonas vaginalis; hostel-based students; Nigeri

Phytochemical screening, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and in vitro antiplasmodial analysis of Senna siamea leaves as antimalarial, Yobe State, Nigeria

Poverty and lack of access to health facilities had necessitated the less privileged to depend on herbal remedies to treat a number of diseases  including malaria. The successes recorded from the discovery of novel antimalarials from plant sources had paved the way for the search of  antimalarial compounds from traditional pharmacopeia. Phytochemical analysis as well as GC-MS analysis of crude leaves extract of Senna siamea was conducted, with a view to identifying compounds with biological activities. Further antimalarial assessment of the crude extracts was also performed in an in vitro assay. The phytochemicals; phenols, tannins, anthraquinones, alkaloid and flavonoids were detected from hexane and methanol extracts. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of Saponins specifically, triterpenoids (Lupeol, α-amyrin), Sesquiterpene (Octadecane), Diterpenes (Eicosane), Esters of pthalic acids (Diethyl phthalate) Squalene, α-Tocopherol (a fat soluble Vitamin E) and hexadecanoic acid butyl ester. A dose dependent suppression of parasite growth was observed for all extracts, with methanolic extract showing less antimalarial potency (IC50= 3.74 μg/mL) when compared to the hexane extract (IC50=4.349 μg/mL). Extracts and compounds detected from the leaves of this plant could be used as novel lead compounds to develop new drugs. Keywords: Phytochemical analysis; GC-MS; antimalarial; Senna siamea; medicinal plants

Impact of Insecticide Treated Nets and Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Reducing Malaria Morbidity among Pregnant Women in Gombe, Nigeria

Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health problem affecting women fetuses and new borns. Many studies highlight the critical importance of continuing the use of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) and Intermittent Preventive Treatment In Pregnancy (IPTp) among pregnant women to reduce the adverse consequences of malaria in pregnancy. This study was conducted in order to determine malaria prevalence in relation to the use ofITN and IPTp among the pregnant women in the study area. Five (5) ml of blood was obtained from each participant by the use of a sterile syringe and placed in a sterile EDTA container for laboratory analysis. The malaria parasite was detected by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained thick blood films. Information on the use of ITN and IPTP was collected using administered questionnaire. A high prevalence of 78.4% was observed among the studied population. Although 74.4% of those that use ITN were positive for malaria parasite as against the 83.6% of those that reported not using the ITN, the difference was statistically not significant (p<0.05). 70.0% of those reported using IPTp were positive however, higher percentage was observed for those reported not using IPTp (83.7.0%). The difference was statistically significant in this case. This study has shown the influence of malaria prevention method during pregnancy on malaria infection and the need for targeted preventive starategies when  designing and implementing policies aimed at improving uptake of these measures during pregnancy in Gombe. Keywords: malaria, pregnant women, ITN, Gombe, IPTp &nbsp

Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on intracellular pH for regulation of growth rate during citric acid fermentation in a stirred tank bioreactor -3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on intracellular pH for regulation of growth rate during citric acid fermentation in a stirred tank bioreactor "</p><p>International Journal of Biological Sciences 2005;1(1):34-41.</p><p>Published online 5 Feb 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1140356.</p><p>© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0) which permits distribution and reproduction for noncommerical purposes, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.</p

Genetic variants, seasonal abundance and man-biting rate of Anopheles gambiae sensulato in Bali, Taraba State, Nigeria

Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, the largely anthropophilic and endophylic complex species is reportedly the most important malaria vector in tropical Africa, including Nigeria. Indoor mosquitoes were caught monthly in Bali area by pyrethrum-Spray catch (PSC) from September 2015 to August 2016. Morphologically identified Anopheles gambiae s.l. species were amplified by PCR to characterize sibling species using species specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with primers specific for An. gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, An. melas, and An. quadriannulatus. Molecular forms of the An. gambiae s.s were further identified by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism assay using primers specific for Mopti (M) and Savannah (S) forms. Out of a total of 188 samples 99.5% (n = 187) were all identified as Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and spread across the study months. Anopheles arabiensis 1 (0.5%) was found in Bali. Out of 187 An. gambiae s.s. samples analysed 154 (82.4%) were identified as Anopheles coluzzii (formerly Mopti (M) form), 24 (12.8%) were identified as Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles or Anopheles gambiae (formerly Savannah (S) form) and 9 (4.8%) were identified as Anopheles coluzzii/Anopheles gambiae hybrid (M/S form). Anopheles gambiae (Molecular S form), Anopheles gambiae (Molecular Mform) and the hybrids occurred in sympatry with variations in monthly/seasonal abundance and Man-Biting Rate. Chi-square analysis showed significant difference in the abundance of Anopheles gambiae s.l. sibling species and Man-Biting Rate of molecular species in seasons (p&lt;0.05). ANOVA showed significant difference in the monthly abundance of molecular species (p&lt;0.05). The abundance of Anopheles gambiae s.l and presence of the molecular species and hybrid in the study-area is of epidemiological importance since the genetic variants are found to differ in ecological preference and susceptibility to pyrethroids.Keywords: Anopheles gambiae s.l.; molecular forms; sibling species; vector contro

Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on intracellular pH for regulation of growth rate during citric acid fermentation in a stirred tank bioreactor -2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on intracellular pH for regulation of growth rate during citric acid fermentation in a stirred tank bioreactor "</p><p>International Journal of Biological Sciences 2005;1(1):34-41.</p><p>Published online 5 Feb 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1140356.</p><p>© Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0) which permits distribution and reproduction for noncommerical purposes, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.</p